Tuesday, August 7, 2018

JIDE JENDOR TELECOM LTD

                                           


https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5211856289503985858#editor/target=post;postID=3959422682440843465;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=0;src=link
                                       JIDE JENDOR TELECOM LIMITED               


WE DEAL IN
 DISH INSTALLATION
TV INSTALLATION
DECODER REPARING
DECODER UPGRADE

Wednesday, April 25, 2018

Hotel reservation system Group 3

https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5211856289503985858#editor/target=post;postID=2313457816261994440;onPublishedMenu=publishedposts;onClosedMenu=publishedposts;postNum=0;src=postnameFEDERAL COLLEGE OF FISHERIES AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS.
DEPARTMENT OF MARITIME TRANSPORT AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT (MTBM)

COURSE: MANGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS (MIS)

HND1

ASSIGNMENT:
ARTICLE ON HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM

LECTURER IN CHARGE: MR. EHIME OMOZOKPIA

PREPARED BY:
AKPUNNELI CHUKWUDI VINCENT
ALATISE JIDE ANTHONY
ALADE ELIZABETH A.
ALIMI MONSURU  OLANIYI

BRIEF INTRODUCTION OF HOTEL RESERVATION SYSTEM
Chapter 1  BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Computer is important nowadays. It makes life more convenient and people where able to make work easier and faster. And because of computer, works of man will be more reliable and produce accurate results. This study was made for the purpose of removing manual process that people manipulate and do things that is beneficial to them. Computer stands the one that has an important role in our modern way of life. Hotel reservation system makes it easy to manage their reservation faster and without wasting their time in making reservation. The system that the proponents choose has Features that the user can manage and easy to understand by the other people if they are well trained. The propose system can Add, Save, Update, Search, Delete, Print records, and Manage account. They can use it in their working problems. It has a problem in manual recording and filling up information. It will take a lot of time in filling up and writing a lot of data. Some files of the Customer are just stored in a cabinet on the Managers office. The CRO or Authorized person who manages the system will take time to search files when customer wants to verify something. Sometimes other forms of the Customer are lost because of insufficient storage and security. The proponents want to aid the problems of the proposed, a system that can help them and make fast and better services in a Company. This system have being able to make a retrieve and restore data. And it will also provide different fill-up forms for different event reservation.
A hotel reservation system is a software application that is implemented by hotels to allow guests to create secure online reservations. The hotel reservation system can be synced, not only with your current website, but also with Facebook. This allows guests to reserve rooms in a way that is convenient for them via social media.
For example, a channel manager may be a part of the reservation system, giving hotel operators the chance to distribute their products and live availability simultaneously to their entire network of only agents.
HOW IT WORKS
A hotel reservation system works by processing secure online reservations made through a hotel’s website.
The data is then passed onto a backend system which can be accessed by hotels to manage bookings. Other features may come with it- for example the automation of reservation confirmation emails.
Small hotel managers and owners recognize that technology is key to growing their business and increasing their booking overtime.
To sell rooms to capacity and to appeal to a global audience, a hotel reservation system is required.
However, it can be intimidating to select a system, particularly when so many are designed for large hotel operations and chains.
Objective of the Project General Objective
The study aim to develop a hotel reservation system to solve underlying problems with their manual reservation system such as consuming time money and effort.
Specifically, the proposed system aims:
1. To help speed up the process.
2. To automate the manual reservation system.
3. To standardized the reservation system with the list of guests.
4. To reduce the amount of time to and effort consume by the customer to reserve.
5. Provide user account and password to ensure the security of stored files.
6. To least their expenses in making reservation.

The Following is Significant of the Project:
To the CRO.
By the use of the System, works of the CRO can be less and easy to retrieve data and collecting information needed comparing to the Existing System (manual system) and it well beneficial to them because it will not take too long for the reservation process. And he/she manage the confirmation of a reserve for each event.
To the Management
With the help of the System, the manager is the one who beneficially can have easily access, retrieve the events that the Customer reserves all the way he/she reserves something, manage the summary and report for the reservation of the event and it can add, edit and delete records.
To the Restaurant.
In the help of the system, it will beneficial to a Company especially to their Reservation process.
To the Accountant
The accountant is the one in charge in managing the reservation of the payment of the customer.

THE SYSTEM/SOFTWARE HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO REPLACE
1. Updating your room rates and availability
Manually:
You spend hours trying for changes in rates and inventory, and it’s not a one-off job. In fact, each time a booking is made on one of your sales channels, you have to make sure your availability is reflected correctly on all of your booking sites.
What’s worse is sometimes you’re not quick enough. Things get really busy and you don’t get a chance to update everything until hours later. You end up with unhappy, double booked guests. You consider hiring an extra person just to make sure everyone is on the same page.
Automatically:
An all-in-one online booking solution like Little Hotelier will have channel management features, giving you one place where you can update your rates and apply stop-sells at a click of a button.
In terms of updating availability, you don’t have to worry about it anymore. Using a pooled inventory model, the system will automatically reduce availability when a room is booked on any one of your sales channels.
All your booking sites will display the right inventory without you having to adjust a thing! There’s no lag time in inventory updates, so double bookings are a thing of the past.
2. Rescheduling guests
Manually:
First of all, the reason you’re rescheduling guests in the first place is probably because you double booked them. Your booking sites didn’t have the correct inventory, and allowed your guest to book at the wrong time.
You try to schedule your guest in for another date – but within that time you received another booking that wasn’t updated on your calendar! So the cycle continues. You have to contact the guest that just booked, apologise profusely, and repeat the process.
Automatically:
Rescheduling guests is easy, because you have full faith that the availability on your reservations calendar is correct and up to date.
With Little Hotelier, to change a booking, all you have to do is drag and drop it to another date or another room and it’s all done! The channel manager then updates your inventory on all the other websites automatically, and in real time. Just like that your rooms become available or unavailable across all of your booking channels.
3. Checking guests in and out
Manually:
You’re scared to leave your desk because you have no idea when your guests are going to check in. Even though you have a bunch of things to do around your property, you know that you can’t afford to have no one greet your guests as they arrive.
Besides the stress of just not knowing, you struggle to organise your daily schedule. Important tasks like cleaning your property get pushed down the list of things to do. If the room isn’t ready, then they’re stuck waiting for it to be prepared. Sometimes, at the moment you do decide to leave your desk, that’s when they need you to check in or out!
Automatically:
First of all, to be efficient, you need to be able to access your reservations calendar remotely from your mobile devices. You don’t need to be physically at your front desk to keep an eye on everything. Just bring your smartphone or tablet with you.
Secondly, your hotel’s booking solution should allow you to request important information like check-in times, no matter what sales channel you’re booking through. If your system is like Little Hotelier’s, you will be able to view and even print out a check-in and check-out view so you can be totally organized and plan out your day!

HOW THEY HAVE INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY WHEN COMPARED TO THE MANUAL SYSTEM THEY REPLACED
1. Increases direct reservations:
It enhances the hotel website, encouraging visitors to book their rooms directly through the website.
2. Increases revenue:
Increase sales through direct reservations, sell extra services, offer special discounts and promotions, share promotional codes on social media platforms.
3. Build a guest database
It enables you to build a guest database so that you can keep in contact with guests and encourage repeat bookings.
4. Pay less commission
It allows you to grow your direct bookings, reducing the commission you pay to online booking sites and agencies.
5. Facilitate communication
IT features multilingual reservation screens; in addition your guests receive automatic emails and messages in their native languages.
6. Guarantee your reservations and bookings
It offers a range of secure payment methods, allowing you to receive deposit or cancellation/no-show fees from guests.
7. It improves your efficiency as a business
Your availability is updated immediately upon receiving a reservation, not only in your own system, but also across all of your channels. You will save time on administrative tasks while also minimizing the risk of overbooking the rooms at your property

8. It gives you an advantage over your competitors
There are still many small hotels today that do not have online booking capabilities. Less people are staying at those locations, and you can get the competitive edge with an online booking system.
MAJOR VENDORS OF THESE SYSTEMS
Cloudbeds
 Cloudbeds is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels.  Cloudbeds’ reservation system  Cloudbeds serves as an all-in-one hotel management system that can also connect your property to hundreds of channels (such as Booking.com and Orbitz) with real-time, two-way integration. It allows guests to make direct reservations through their desktop or mobile device, or even via Facebook.  Cost Pricing is heavily dependent on your situation. For example, Cloudbeds charges a hotel in the U.S. with ten rooms a total of $130.64 per month; billed annually (you can opt to be billed monthly for a little bit extra). If you’ve got 100 rooms, it will cost you $218.04 per month. The price may further be affected if you’re in a different country, or if you run a hostel, bed and breakfast, or vacation rental.

2.      eZee Frontdesk by eZee Technosys          eZee Frontdesk is a popular hotel management software solution for small     
Hotels.  eZee Frontdesk’s dashboard  eZee Frontdesk is used by boutique hotels, hostels/lodges, resorts, and small hotels in 140 countries, the company claims. More than one million daily transactions in 104 countries happen across this hotel property management solution, resulting in 90,000 rooms managed across the globe. eZee Frontdesk has more than 4,700 customers and 70,500 users.  Cost  eZee FrontDesk does not share pricing information publicly, but you can request a free quote by providing your contact information. The solution measures pricing through a module structure that considers number of rooms, modules, and interfaces. You can also sign up for a 30-day trial to see if the solution fits your property.
3.     Frontdesk Anywhere          Frontdesk Anywhere is a popular hotel management software solution for 
small hotels.  Frontdesk Anywhere’s dashboard, as demonstrated on several devices.  Frontdesk Anywhere is based in the technology capital of Silicon Valley. It was founded in 2009 and has grown to more than 1,400 customers and 18, 000 users. Frontdesk also has an Asian office for those looking for international support.  Cost
 Pricing isn’t available publicly, though you can request a free demo for one of their three editions: Basic, Pro, and Enterprise.

4.    Hotelogix PMS by Hotelogix         Hotelogix is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels.         Hotelogix’s dashboard, as demonstrated on desktop and mobile devices         Hotelogix was developed specifically for small and midsize hotels, and is   
       used by more than 10,000 properties worldwide. This solution launched in 
       2009 and now boasts customers in more than 100 countries.
   Cost       Hotelogix implements a pay-as-you-go model. Their premium edition runs at   
$3.99/room/month with a minimum billing of $65. Enterprise costs $5.99/room/month with a minimum billing of $90. Add-ons are also available for an additional cost in monthly instalments with minimums.
5.    Maestro PMS        Maestro is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels       Maestro’s dashboard       Maestro PMS ranks 14th on our hotel software popularity list, but its special   
    emphasis on helping small properties, even something as small as a timeshare, is 
    what earns it a spot on this list. Maestro is designed for the cloud, and brings 20
    different modules under one umbrella, including reservations, front desk, sales,   
    space and club management, and dining POS. Maestro aims to simplify things,
    enabling hotel managers to run everything from one dashboard. 
     Cost       While Maestro PMS doesn’t share exact pricing details publicly (you’ll need to     
     setup a meeting to get a quote), they offer both a one-time purchase model or a
     subscription-based model with no licensing fees. You may have to pay an annual
     support fee, however.
6.    MSI CloudPM by MSI         MSI CloudPM is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels        Cloud PM        MSI’s CloudPM has 5,800 customers in North America, including the Douglas Inn,   
      Liberty Lodge, and New Victorian Inn & Suites. This cloud-based property
      management solution has been around since 1990 and is great for hotels looking
      to keep costs down by bypassing the purchase of additional hardware.
Cost  MSI doesn’t publicize pricing for its CloudPM solution, so you’ll have to set up a demo to get a quote.  7. OPERA Property Management System (PMS) by Oracle  Oracle Hospitality's OPERA Property is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels  Oracle’s scorecard and strategy management dashboard  When you think of Oracle, you probably think of big-time enterprises, meaning big-time budgets for software. Surprise! Oracle also understands independent hotel needs, notably powering small hotels like the Ampersand Hotel in London’s South Kensington neighborhood.  Oracle Hospitality’s OPERA Property is a comprehensive and scalable solution that is available at three levels (Premium, Standard, and Lite) and is also available for both cloud and installed deployment. Any property from boutique to chain hotels can make use of this popular solution.
Cost  Oracle doesn’t publicly share their pricing, but you can contact their support number (1-800-633-0738) for more information.  *If you need a general idea about how much hotel software costs, be sure to check out our pricing guide here.
8. RDPWin  RDPWin is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels  RDPWin’s dashboard  RDP (Resort Data Processing) provides customized software for clients and says it can handle properties of any size, whether it be a small vacation rental or a huge resort. It’s definitely a quirky company: their ad (video embedded at the link) mimics the famous “The Most Interesting Man in the World” commercials by Dos Equis.  Cost  RDP offers two pricing options. The first is an on-premise purchase model, which is $15,000 with no other fees, potentially saving you money over the longer term. If you want to spend less money up front, RDP offers a web-based model that starts at $500 per month.
9. Rezlynx PMS by Guestline  Rezlynx PMS is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels  Rezlynx PMS’ dashboard, as demonstrated on a tablet  Guestline was founded in the U.K. in 1991 and now hosts offices in Thailand. Guestline is used in more than 20 countries in five continents and has processed more than 4.5 million bookings. Guestline’s hotel PMS is a solution that’s scalable for all hotel properties types. Cost  Guestline doesn’t share their pricing information publicly, though you can contact a sale representative for more information.
10. roomMaster by InnQuest  roomMaster is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels  roomMaster’s dashboard  InnQuest’s flagship roomMaster solution is for hotels of all sizes (which is great for flexibility if you see growth in your future), leading to their top three spot on our popularity list with 5,200 customers and more than 450,000 hotel rooms managed every day. InnQuest also claims to add between 100 to 200 new features every year.
Cost
 You can buy three versions of roomMaster: Starter, which starts at $199 per month; Professional, which is $279 per month and adds an online booking engine and channel management; and Complete, which is $349 per month and adds foreign currency management and credit card payment processing for unlimited workstations. All prices listed above are for hotels with between one and 25 rooms—prices go up if you have more rooms than that.
11. SkyTouch Hotel OS  SkyTouch is a popular hotel management software solution for small hotels SkyTouch’s calendar dashboard  SkyTouch is a cloud-based, fully integrated property management system. SkyTouch offers more than 100 interfaces and 24/7 tech support. Currently, it is being used by about 7,000 customers worldwide, according to the company.  Cost  SkyTouch doesn’t advertise their price on their website. Instead, you’ll have to fill out a form to request a demo.






References:
www.littlehotelier.com
www.scribd.com/document
https://www.littlehotelier.com/r/distribution/booking-sites/distribution-without-headache-manual-inventory-managment/
http://www.eyefortravel.com
http://www.hotelogix.com

Sunday, September 27, 2015


                                                   5 Ways Not to Install a Satellite Dish
Many people think that setting up a satellite dish is an easy task and can be done by just about anyone. But looking at these ten images it is best left to the professionals. But there are still some people who like to try to do things on the cheap…





                                                                        Satellite Dish Installed in a Bucket


5 – The Bucket Challenge
If you’re confident with a bit of DIY, you can buy a receiver and satellite dish and install them yourself! Or you could just grow your own like this person.
 
Satellite Dish Installed in a Wigwam
4 – Power Source
You’ll need to run a new cable from the satellite receiver to your dish so make sure they are near the power supply to power them.
Satellite Dish Signal Booster Fail
3 – Boost and Fail
Things that can improve satellite signal without upgrading to a bigger dish are about 100% alignment not adding more metal to it!
Satellite Dish Installed on an Outdoor Toilet

 2– Perfect Placement
Make sure you are installing the dish as close to the point of connection as you can. I other words the room you might watch it the most. In this case the loo!
     

1 – Perfect Placement
Make sure you are installing the dish as close to the point of connection as you can. I other words the room you might watch it the most. In this case the loo!










Wednesday, January 22, 2014


Coaxial cable finds niches outside campus networks



Each of the past several years has been predicted by some to be the year of coaxial cable`s death," says Fred Galle, marketing manager with cable manufacturer CommScope (Claremont, NC). "But sales of our coaxial cable keep increasing every year. And as more high-bandwidth applications are widely implemented, the communications industry keeps coming back to coaxial cable."
That remark may sound off base to someone who focuses solely on corporate local area networks (lans) because in the corporate lan, unshielded twisted-pair (utp) cable has been the dominant infrastructure medium for several years. How-ever, a broader view, encompassing wide area communications networks and even residential voice, data, and video networks, reveals significant need for the capabilities that coaxial cable provides.
Scarce lan deployment
Cable manufacturers and installers agree that coaxial cabling sees little action in the corporate lan. "In the early and mid-1980s, when nearly every network had a Token Ring configuration, coaxial cable was widely used," says Delton Smith, an engineering specialist with CommScope. "But compared to twisted-pair, coaxial cables get quite bulky in a wiring closet." This large footprint was one of several factors leading to utp`s emergence and coaxial cable`s downfall in premises networks, Smith says.
"When the original lans were put together, utp cable was not available," adds Bob Marretta, an engineer with Coleman/ cci (Sanford, NC), a cable manufacturer. "But over the last 10 years, utp cables have been developed with the characteristics necessary to handle network traffic." He adds that both ease of use and a bit of marketing also helped utp`s cause. "In some ways, utp cabling was marketed better than coaxial cable, so that generated industry interest. Coaxial cable is also more difficult to terminate than utp. Many installers pull and terminate 25,000 feet of utp cable a day; you couldn`t pull and terminate that much coaxial cable every day."
Michael Lagana, registered communications distribution designer (rcdd) and project supervisor with the network design and installation firm U.S. Information Systems (Nyack, NY), says that ease-of-use issues that surround coaxial cable do not end once the installation is completed. "If you use coaxial cable in a ring or bus topology, then moves, adds, and changes are more difficult to accomplish and to document than they would be if you used utp cable. Changes in a coaxial-cable-based network can disrupt a lot of users. On the whole, coaxial cable is not as accommodating as twisted-pair cable."
Anatomy of a cable
With a quick look, you can easily distinguish coaxial cable from utp, shielded twisted-pair (stp), or fiber-optic cable. But it takes more than a simple glance to tell one type of coaxial cable from another. Each type has some of the same basic components, but coaxial cables differ in several ways, including the manner in which they are shielded, the makeup of the dielectric material, and even the composition of the conductor.
Starting from the center and working outward, a coaxial cable consists of a conductor, dielectric material, shielding components, and an outer jacket. The conductor can comprise solid or stranded material, which can be copper or a mixture of copper and another component, such as aluminum, steel, or tin. Solid conductors provide the best performance in terms of distortion and signal loss, but can sometimes break if they are flexed repeatedly. Stranded conductors are better than solid ones at accommodating frequent flexing. Conductors that include copper and another material typically are stronger than all-copper ones.
The dielectric material, which acts as a buffer between the conductor and shielding components, allows the cable to maintain consistent electrical properties and minimize signal loss. The material can be either solid or foamed; foamed materials provide lightweight composition and contribute to increased clarity in high-speed transmission.
The widest variance among coaxial-cable constructions lies in the shielding materials, which protect against signal loss and help prevent electromagnetic interference and radio-frequency interference in the circuit. Several combinations of foils and braids are used to achieve various levels of shielding performance. Coaxial cable commonly referred to as "tri-shield" cable has three layers of shielding; "quad-shield" coaxial cable includes four shielding layers.
A coaxial cable`s jacket is an additional form of insulation as well as a protectant against environmental dangers. A jacket typically is made of either polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, or fluorinated ethylene propylene. The material used will determine the jacket`s temperature rating as well as minimum and maximum operating temperature.
What`s in a name?
The casual observer will find that simply knowing the "RG" classification of a coaxial cable is not necessarily helpful in determining the cable`s performance level or the applications that the cable supports. Although it is logical to deduce that a Category 5 twisted-pair cable can outperform a Category 3 cable, that same logic does not work when considering an RG-6 and an RG-58 coaxial cable.
The "RG" nomenclature originated in government applications, when coaxial cables were manufactured to military specifications and classified according to Radio Guide Utility (rg/u) numbers. Originally, coaxial cables were developed to help support high-frequency radio transmission. In time, the rg/u numbers fell into classifications according to impedance characteristics and the "U" was dropped from common reference. Today, the terms RG-6, RG-8, RG-58, RG-59, and others are commonly used and designate the impedance values that coaxial cables support.
Numerous applications
They may be an uncommon sight in lans, but coaxial cables are virtually everywhere else. "The applications that use coaxial cables are too numerous to list," says Coleman/cci`s Marretta. "The cables are found in airport control-tower antennas and in cellular-telephone antennas. You have coaxial cables in your car."
"Some of the coaxial cable we produce is used by television stations," says George Tokatli, senior engineer with Helix/HiTemp Cables Inc. (Franklin, MA). "When a station broadcasts from a remote location, it will send a truck to the site. That truck facilitates the broadcast and is loaded with coaxial cables.
"Coaxial cables have very high bandwidth capabilities," he continues. "The fact that these cables are not used very often in local area networks is by no means a reflection of their transmission ability."
Coaxial cables of the RG-58 and RG-59 type are used for closed-circuit television systems, so they are among the most widely deployed coaxial cables today. "RG-59 cable for video monitoring and RG-6 cable for cable TV are the coaxial cables we use most," says U.S. Information Systems` Lagana.
As Lagana notes, cable TV is probably the most prominent and recognizable application for coaxial cable today. And RG-6 type coaxial cable will probably continue to support cable TV well into the future, according to manufacturers. "Cable-TV and high-density television carriers are increasingly using hybrid fiber/coaxial cable in their long hauls," CommScope`s Galle notes. "But they`re still bringing coaxial cable--rather than fiber--to the home. Cable boxes are still configured for coaxial cable, and it will be a long time before you see your cable-TV technician polishing fibers in your living room--if you ever see it."
To that end, several cable manufacturers are incorporating coaxial cable into their residential-wiring product lines. Helix/HiTemp, for instance, offers several home-wiring cable configurations, each of which includes two heavily shielded coaxial cables, two fiber cables, and two Category 5 utp cables. The company says that it designed its residential wiring products with current and future applications in mind. Tokatli remarks that with either a coaxial or a fiber cable, a residential user can run both telephone and video on the same cable. Twisted-pair telephone cables do not offer that robustness, he also notes.
Helix/HiTemp also does a considerable amount of custom cable manufacturing for residential, industrial, and other applications, according to Tokatli. Often, he says, end-users know what they need in terms of cable performance, but they do not necessarily know which type of cable will meet those needs. In other cases, users require such physical characteristics as a flexible cable or a certain number of conductors within a single overall sheath. In cases like these, Helix/HiTemp`s engineering staff works with its clients to design cables that meet specific requirements.
Coleman/cci also custom-manufactures cable to suit individual needs, Marretta says. "Often a customer will need a unique jacket type, which we can accommodate," he notes. "In fact, we get a lot of orders for customized cable. We don`t strictly make cookie-cutter cables."
A return to lans?
Although a re-emergence into the lan environment may appear unlikely for coaxial cable, many professionals in the cabling industry have learned never to say "never." "We still sell coaxial cable for lans," Marretta points out, "although typically it is used to link together only a few computers." He also says that cabling technicians may very likely be called to job sites that include both coaxial and utp cabling, so familiarity with both media is important.
And insiders warn not to expect Category 7 cable (whenever it is formally adopted) to be unshielded. With a transmission capacity of 600 megahertz, Category 7 cabling will assuredly have some type of shielding--be it twisted pairs in an overall shield, individually shielded pairs, or shielded pairs in an overall braid. When such a medium is eventually introduced, installers and end-users of premises communications systems probably will take a close look at cost, performance, and ease-of-use issues associated with stp and fiber-optic cabling. And, perhaps, coaxial cabling.
Click here to enlarge image
A tri-shield coaxial cable includes three layers of shielding (a). Shown here is a cable with a foil shield, a braided shield, and another foil shield. A quad-shield coaxial cable (b) has one more shielding layer than does a tri-shield cable. In this example, the extra layer is a second braided shield.
   At the Helix/HiTemp cable-manufacturing facility in Franklin, MA, coaxial cable can be customized to user requirements. This photo shows a copper braid being woven and wrapped around a coaxial cable`s dielectric element 

Thursday, October 10, 2013

types of dish

https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=5211856289503985858#editor/target=post;postID=7370451298173033216;onPublishedMenu=allposts;onClosedMenu=allposts;postNum=5;src=linkA satellite dish is a dish-shaped type of parabolic antenna designed to receive microwaves from communications satellites, which transmit data transmissions or broadcasts, such as satellite television.

Principle of operation 

The parabolic shape of a dish reflects the signal to the dish’s focal point. Mounted on brackets at the dish's focal point is a device called a feedhorn. This feedhorn is essentially the front-end of a waveguide that gathers the signals at or near the focal point and 'conducts' them to a low-noise block downconverter or LNB. The LNB converts the signals from electromagnetic or radio waves to electrical signals and shifts the signals from the downlinked C-band and/or Ku-band to the L-band range. Direct broadcast satellite dishes use an LNBF, which integrates the feedhorn with the LNB. (A new form of omnidirectional satellite antenna, which does not use a directed parabolic dish and can be used on a mobile platform such as a vehicle was announced by the University of Waterloo in 2004.

The theoretical gain (directive gain) of a dish increases as the frequency increases. The actual gain depends on many factors including surface finish, accuracy of shape, feedhorn matching. A typical value for a consumer type 60 cm satellite dish at 11.75 GHz is 37.50 dB.
With lower frequencies, C-band for example, dish designers have a wider choice of materials. The large size of dish required for lower frequencies led to the dishes being constructed from metal mesh on a metal framework. At higher frequencies, mesh type designs are rarer though some designs have used a solid dish with perforations.
A common misconception is that the LNBF (low-noise block/feedhorn), the device at the front of the dish, receives the signal directly from the atmosphere. For instance, one BBC News downlink shows a "red signal" being received by the LNBF directly instead of being beamed to the dish, which because of its parabolic shape will collect the signal into a smaller area and deliver it to the LNBF.
Modern dishes intended for home television use are generally 43 cm (18 in) to 80 cm (31 in) in diameter, and are fixed in one position, for Ku-band reception from one orbital position. Prior to the existence of direct broadcast satellite services, home users would generally have a motorised C-band dish of up to 3 metres in diameter for reception of channels from different satellites. Overly small dishes can still cause problems, however, including rain fade and interference from adjacent satellites.

Systems design

In a single receiver residential installation there is a single coaxial cable running from the receiver set-top box in the building to the LNB on the dish. The DC electric power for the LNB is provided through the same coaxial cable conductors that carry the signal to the receiver. In addition, control signals are also transmitted from the receiver to the LNB through the cable. The receiver uses different power supply voltages (13/18V) to select antenna polarization, and pilot tones (22 kHz) to instruct the LNB to select one of the two frequency bands. In larger installations each band and polarization is given its own cable, so there are 4 cables from the LNB to a switching matrix, which allows the connection of multiple receivers in a star topology using the same signalling method as in a single receiver installation.

Types

Motor-driven dish

A dish that is mounted on a pole and driven by a stepper motor or a servo can be controlled and rotated to face any satellite position in the sky. Motor-driven dishes are popular with enthusiasts. There are three competing standards: DiSEqC, USALS, and 36v positioners. Many receivers support all of these standards.

Multi-satellite


Special dish for up to 16 satellite positions (Ku-band).
Some designs enable simultaneous reception from multiple different satellite positions without re-positioning the dish. The vertical axis operates as an off-axis concave parabolic concave hyperbolic Cassegrain reflector, while the horizontal axis operates as a concave convex Cassegrain. The spot from the main dish wanders across the secondary, which corrects astigmatism by its varying curvature. The elliptic aperture of the primary is designed to fit the deformed illumination by the horns. Due to double spill-over, this makes more sense for a large dish.

VSAT

A common type of dish is the very small aperture terminal (VSAT). This provides two way satellite internet communications for both consumers and private networks for organizations. Today most VSATs operate in Ku band; C band is restricted to less populated regions of the world. There is a move which started in 2005 towards new Ka band satellites operating at higher frequencies, offering greater performance at lower cost. These antennas vary from 74 to 120 cm (29 to 47 in) in most applications though C-band VSATs may be as large as 4 m (13 ft).